What is asthma?
Asthma is a long-term lung condition in which the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
In people with asthma, the airways are sensitive. When triggered, the muscles around them tighten, the lining swells and extra mucus is produced, narrowing the space for air. Common triggers include colds, pollen, dust mites, smoke, cold air, exercise and pet dander. A sudden worsening of symptoms is called an asthma attack.
Asthma affects about 260 million people worldwide and often starts in childhood. There is no cure, but it can usually be well controlled. Reliever inhalers open the airways quickly during symptoms, while preventer inhalers, usually containing steroids, reduce inflammation over time.
Living with asthma
Doctors often create an asthma action plan, explaining which medicines to take and what to do in an attack. Avoiding triggers, getting vaccinated against flu and not smoking help. Many top athletes, including Olympic champions, have asthma and manage it successfully.
Did You Know?
A severe asthma attack that does not improve with a reliever inhaler is a medical emergency, and emergency services should be called.
This answer is general information, not medical advice. For a personal health question, talk to a doctor.