What is a merino sheep?
The merino is a breed of sheep famous for its fine, soft wool. It is central to Australia's wool industry, which supplies much of the world's fine apparel wool used in quality clothing.
Merino sheep originally came from Spain, where the breed was developed over centuries. The first merinos arrived in Australia in 1797, brought from the Cape of Good Hope.
John Macarthur and his wife Elizabeth Macarthur played important roles in establishing merino flocks in New South Wales. Elizabeth managed the family's farming operations for long periods while John was in England.
Riding on the sheep's back
During the 1800s and much of the 1900s, wool became one of Australia's most important exports. The phrase riding on the sheep's back was used to describe the country's dependence on wool for its prosperity.
Australian breeders developed strains suited to different conditions, from the fine wool merinos of the tablelands to the larger, stronger wool sheep of the dry inland. Merino wool is valued because its fibers are very fine, which makes it soft and comfortable against the skin.
The industry has faced debate over mulesing, a procedure used to prevent flystrike. Many farmers now use alternatives or pain relief. The Big Merino in Goulburn celebrates the breed.
Did You Know?
Merino wool is used for everything from business suits to outdoor base layers and socks.