What causes cavities?
Cavities are caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acids. Over time, these acids dissolve tooth enamel, creating holes called cavities.
The mouth is home to many types of bacteria. Some, especially Streptococcus mutans, form a sticky film called plaque on teeth. When you eat or drink sugary or starchy foods, these bacteria turn the sugars into acid. Each time this happens, the acid attacks the enamel for about 20 minutes or more.
Repeated acid attacks remove minerals from the enamel, creating weak spots that can turn into holes. If not treated, decay spreads into the softer dentin and eventually the pulp, which contains nerves, causing toothache and infection. Dentists repair cavities by removing the decay and placing a filling.
Preventing cavities
Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, limiting sugary snacks and drinks and visiting a dentist regularly help prevent cavities. Fluoride strengthens enamel and can reverse early damage. Saliva also helps by neutralizing acids and washing away food.
Did You Know?
Tooth decay is one of the most common health problems in the world, affecting billions of people.
This answer is general information, not medical advice. For a personal health question, talk to a doctor.