What are truffles?
Truffles are rare edible fungi that grow underground on the roots of certain trees, such as oaks and hazels. They have an intense, earthy aroma and are among the most expensive foods in the world.
Truffles form a partnership with tree roots, exchanging nutrients with the tree. Because they grow underground, they are hard to find. Hunters use trained dogs, and traditionally pigs, which can smell ripe truffles through the soil. Pigs are used less today because they tend to eat the truffles.
The most prized are white truffles from the Alba region of Piedmont, Italy, and black Périgord truffles from France. White truffles are usually shaved raw over pasta, risotto or eggs, because heat destroys their delicate aroma. Black truffles are often cooked into sauces and dishes.
Why so expensive?
Truffles are seasonal, difficult to cultivate and depend on the right soil, trees and weather. Their harvest varies greatly from year to year. Truffle oil sold in many shops is often flavored with synthetic aroma chemicals rather than real truffles.
Did You Know?
Truffle hunting in Italy, including the knowledge of hunters and their dogs, was added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2021.