How many countries are in Europe?
Europe is usually said to have 44 countries, including Russia and microstates like Vatican City and Monaco. Counts range from about 44 to 50 depending on whether places like Turkey and Kosovo are included.
The 44 countries commonly listed include large nations like Russia, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, as well as tiny ones like Vatican City, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein and Andorra. Russia is the largest country in Europe, although most of its territory is in Asia.
Some countries span both Europe and Asia, including Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Cyprus is geographically in Asia but is a member of the European Union. Kosovo declared independence in 2008 and is recognized by many but not all countries, so it is not always counted.
Europe and the EU
The European Union has 27 member countries. Not all European countries belong to it. Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and the United Kingdom, which left in 2020, are notable non-members. Twenty-one EU members use the euro after Bulgaria adopted it at the start of 2026.
Did You Know?
Vatican City, inside Rome, is the smallest country in Europe and the world, covering only about 0.44 square kilometers.